All images on this website have been taken in Leicestershire and Rutland by NatureSpot members. We welcome new contributions - just register and use the Submit Records form to post your photos. Click on any image below to visit the species page. The RED / AMBER / GREEN dots indicate how easy it is to identify the species - see our Identification Difficulty page for more information. A coloured rating followed by an exclamation mark denotes that different ID difficulties apply to either males and females or to the larvae - see the species page for more detail.

Bees, Wasps, Ants

Bees, wasps, ants and sawflies are all part of the insect order Hymenoptera.  A typical hymenopteran has 2 pairs of wings which are coupled together with tiny hooks.  Bees, wasps and ants are in the sub-Order Apocrita, with a definite waist between the thorax and abdomen. 

We have placed Sawflies in a separate gallery because they are in the sub-order Symphyta, and considered to be more primitive than other groups of the Hymenoptera. They are very different to bees, wasps and ants - one distinctive feature is that they don't have a waist. 

Whilst everyone is familiar with the social bumblebees and honeybees, these represent only about 10% of all the British bee species. The remainder are solitary bees that don't work together as a single colony to rear their young. 

There is an even greater diversity of wasps. As with the bees, there are a few social wasps that everyone is familiar with, but these represent just a small fraction of all UK wasps. Sand-wasps, Digger-wasps, Mason wasps and Potter wasps and many other species all have solitary life cycles.

Many wasps are parasitoids, attacking the immature stages of other insects and eventually killing their hosts. (A parasite lives within the host, but doesn't kill it).  Examples are Chalcids, Ichneumons and Braconids.  These are generally under-recorded species, and identification often requires the help of an expert in the group.

Ants are all social insects living in large colonies that work collaboratively.  Identification can be difficult, and several are under-recorded in our area.  Gavin Gamble has written some notes on Ant Recording and Identification to guide recorders. 

Many members of this group are difficult or impossible to identify from field images. Make sure that your images include the diagnostic features needed to make a definitive identification or get a recognised expert to confirm the identification.

Identification help

Facebook group: BWARS

Facebook group: British Ichneumons

Solitary bees

Colletidae - Plasterer and Yellow-face bees

Andrenidae - Mining bees

Andrena is the largest genus of bees found in the UK, in a diverse range of sizes from the tiny 'mini-miners' in the subgenus Micrandrena to species the size of honeybees.  They all have 3 submarginal cells in the forewing, and the females have pollen-baskets on their hind-legs and the sides of the propodaeum at the rear end of the thorax. 

Identification of some species is difficult.  Male and females are often different in appearance, and are keyed out separately - and therefore you should always record sex in your comments for your record.   Nests are usualy made in soil, sometimes singly but often in colonies - but none are true social bees. 

The nests are attacked by many different cleptoparasites and parasitoids, including including Nomad bees (Nomada), Blood bees (Sphecodes), Bee-flies (Bombylius), Conopid flies in the Myopa genus (e.g.see M testacea) and the Anthomyiidae flies Leucophora.  Species are frequently parasitised by Stylops, in the order Strepsiptera - the pupae of the parasite may be seen as a triangular structure protruding from between the abdominal tergites of a bee.  

Halictidae - Furrow bees and Blood bees

A large family that includes the Furrow-bees - Halictus and Lasioglossum.  The females of both these genus have a median 'furrow' or rima on the tergite at the end of the abdomen.  Both have patches of pale hairs on the abdominal tergites.  In Lasioglossum species, the hairs are along the base of the tergite, hence the common name Base-banded Furrow bees.  In Halictus species the hairs are on the hind margin, plus sometimes the base of the tergites - hence the common name of End-banded Furrow bees. 

The Blood bees (Sphecodes) usually have red and black abdomens.  They are cleptoparasites of ground-nesting solitary bees, including Halictus, Lasioglossum and Andrena. The female enters a host's nest and breaks into the cell, killing the egg or grub.  She lays one of her own eggs and reseals the cell.  When the egg hatches, the grub consumes the food intended for the host species' larva.   Identification help is in Steven Falk's note from the Sphecodes Identification Workshop held by BWARS (2019).  

Melittidae - Blunthorn and Pantaloon bees

Megachilidae - Leaf-cutter, Mason and Sharp-tail Bees, etc.

A large and diverse family of bees, including Leaf-cutter bees, Mason bees, Resin bees, Dark bees, Scissor bees, Wool-carder bees and Sharp-tail bees.  All have two submarginal cells in the forewing.   

Stelis (Dark bees) and Coelioxys (Sharp-tail bees) are cleptoparasites, laying their eggs inside a host's nest cells.  Their larva consume the food stored there by the host for its larvae. 

Other species make nests in cavities in wood, walls and plant material such as hollow stems and galls - even snail shells.  The nest cells of Scissor bees (Chelostoma), Leaf cutters (Megachile) and Mason bees (Osmia and Hoplitis) are made out of mud mixed with saliva and other materials.  The eggs are laid and food is stored for the larva, and then the cell is sealed up.  The females of these species have a pollen brush beneath the abdomen. 

The single UK species of Wood Carder bees (Anthidium manicatum) nests in cavities, but makes the cells out plant fibres gathered form furry-leaved plants like Mullein (Verbascum), Lamb's-ears (Stachys lanata) and Yarrow (Achillea).