Orchard Apple - Malus domestica

Ectoedemia atricollis

The larvae of the moth Ectoedemia atricollis mine the leaves of Apple, Hawthorn and other Rosaceae species.  It has a distinctive black head, usually visible in the mine without being dissected out.  Initially, the larvae form galleries along the edge of the leaf, leading to a large blotch on the leaf margin.

Stigmella oxyacanthella

The larva of the moth Stigmella oxyacanthella mies the leaves of Hawthorn, and also on Apple, Rowan and Pear. The mine has coiled frass and the larva is bright green with a pale brown head (re. Smart, 2018)

Bucculatrix bechsteinella

Bucculatrix bechsteinella is a small moth with a wingspan of 7 to 9 mm. It is pale buff with brown markings. The leafmine produced by the larva is usually on Hawthorn, and is small and in a vein axil, with blackish frass.  The exit gallery is clear, and angular in shape. 

Phyllonorycter corylifoliella

The orangey coloured adult is weakly marked in comparison to some of its congeners. The larva mines the leaves of Hawthorn (and also on Apple, Cherry and others), creating an upper-surface mine, usually over the midrib or vein; the mine is rounded in shape and flecked with blackish-brown frass when mature.

Firethorn Leaf Miner

The larva of the Firethorn Leaf Miner moth (Phyllonorycter leucographella) mine the leaves of a number of species including Firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea), Apple, London Plane and Hawthorn. The mine is usually on the upper side, silvery in appearance and over the midrib. 

Parornix scoticella

The larva of the moth Parornix scoticella feeds on Rowan and Whitebeam and occasionally on Apple. A blotch is formed in the leaf which turns brown, and the larva pupates in a folded portion of the leaf.

European Fruit Lecanium

European Fruit Lecanium (Parthenolecanium corni) can be found on the branches of various woody plants. It is broadly polyphagous and is an important pest of orchard trees such as Apple as well as ornamental and forestry trees.

Nut Scale

Nut Scale (Eulecanium tiliae) affects various woody plants including trees and shrubs such as Hawthorn, Oak, Ash, Hornbeam, Field Maple and fruit trees such as Apple and Pear.

Dysaphis radicola

The aphid Dysaphis radicola alternates host between apples and the roots of docks.  The apterae are greyish-brown or greyish-green.

Mistletoe

Mistletoe is a yellowish green shrub, regularly branched, hairless forming rounded clumps up to one metre across on tree branches. Leaves oblong, leathery, opposite and untoothed. Flowers inconspicuous, unisexual with male and female on separate plants, 4 parted in small stalkless clusters. Fruit a white berry during winter. It is parasitic on deciduous trees, especially Apple, Lime, Hawthorn and Poplar.

Epitrimerus malimarginemtorquens

The mite Epitrimerus malimarginemtorquens causes a leaf roll gall on the leaves of Apple.  The leaf roll is narrow and hard, approx. 1 mm broad with white hairs alongside the roll on the upper surface (BPGS handbook).

Pear Leaf Blister Moth

The larva of the Pear Leaf Blister Moth (Leucoptera malifoliella) makes a distinctive round blotch leafmine in a leaf of Apple, Hawthorn or Pear with a spiral frass pattern in concentric rings, sometimes several mines in one leaf. Occupied mines can be found in August and September.

Bohemannia pulverosella

The larvae create a distinctive blotch mine in the leaves of Apple. The larva cuts an exit hole on the underside of the leaf, which distinguishes the mine from that of Ectoedemia atricollis.

Stigmella incognitella

The larvae of Stigmella incognitella mine the leaves of Apple. The mines are found between veins. The initial gallery is narrow and then forms an orange-brown blotch.  

Apple Pigmy

The larvae of the tiny moth, Stigmella malella mine the leaves of Apple species producing a sinuous gallery, widening later, with linear frass. The may be several mines on a single leaf.

Hoplocampa testudinea

The eggs of the sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea are laid on apple blossom and the larva feed on the developing fruit causing surface scarring.

Apple Leaf Miner

Lyonetia clerkellais a tiny moth (wingspan 7 to 9 mm) with a silvery appearance but very attractively patterned when seen under magnification. 

The larva produces a leafmine on a number of species, especially Cherry, Apple, Rowan, Hawthorn, Blackthorn and other trees and shrubs in the Rosaceae family.  It is also commonly found on Birch. The mine is long smoothly curved gallery with frass in a central line; older mines look whitish. The larva is long and slender. It has a segmented body and 6 dark feet.

Callisto denticulella

The larvae of the moth Callisto denticulella mine the leaves of its foodplant, Apple (Malus), causing a gallery followed by a semi-translucent blotch on the upper surface of the leaf which is often orange tinted. It then vacates this and folds the edge of a leaf down to feed within, usually twice, before pupating externally among detritus.

Podosphaera leucotricha

Podosphaera leucotricha is a mildew which affects the leaves and stems of woody Rosaceae species such as Apple (Malus sp.), producing a powdery, white coating. Infected leaves often become disfigured.

Apple Ermine

The Apple Ermine (Yponomeuta malinellus) is a moth species.  The larva of this species live in a larval web on Apple.

Phyllocoptes malinus

The mite Phyllocoptes malinus causes galls to form on the leaves of Apple species (Malus) including Crab Apple Malus sylvestris. The mites cause an erineum (an abnormal felty growth of hairs) to from the leaf epidermis on either the upper or underside. This may be whitish pink, or red at first but later becomes rust brown.

Rosy Apple Aphid

The aphid Dysaphis plantaginea induces yellowish crumpled leaf galls on apple in spring. The aphids within can be green or red.

Rosy Leaf-curling Aphid agg.

The Dysaphis devecta species group includes three species of aphid: D. devecta, D. anthrisci and D. chaerophylli. All members of the D. devecta group roll the edges of apple leaves and turn them red to produce a characteristic gall.

Woolly Apple Aphid

Eriosoma lanigerum wingless females (apterae) are purple, red or brown and are the most often recorded form of this aphid.  They are usually found on their secondary host – Apple - causing lumpy irregular galls on branches, which become woody and persist after the aphids have left.  The aphid is a considered to be a pest of orchards and can cause damage to the tree.  

The aphids are covered in thick white flocculent (woolly) wax. This is produced by distinct wax glands on the head and along the thorax and abdomen. The body length of Eriosoma lanigerum apterae is 1.2 to 2.6 mm.