Spindle - Euonymus europaeus

Description

Much branched hairless shrub or small tree 2 to 6 metres. Twigs green, smooth and rounded in early growth, later four longitudinal ridges create a squarer cross-section, finally becoming brown with corky outgrowths.. Leaves opposite and finely toothed. Flowers greeny-white 8 to 10 mm usually 4 parted, several borne in branched cymes. Capsules distinctive and bright pink, four lobed, 10 to 15 mm pendent, splitting to reveal orange seeds.

Identification difficulty
Habitat

Woods and scrub - often planted.

When to see it

Flowers May to June

Life History

Deciduous

UK Status

Fairly common in Britain Northwards to Scotland, but less so North of the border.

VC55 Status

Occasional in Leicestershire and Rutland and possibly mostly due to unrecorded planting. In the 1979 Flora survey of Leicestershire it was found in 17 of the 617 tetrads.

Leicestershire & Rutland Map

MAP KEY:

Yellow squares = NBN records (all known data)
Coloured circles = NatureSpot records: 2025+ | 2020-2024 | pre-2020

UK Map

Species profile

Common names
Spindle, Spindle-Tree
Species group:
Trees, Shrubs & Climbers
Kingdom:
Plantae
Order:
Celastrales
Family:
Celastraceae
Records on NatureSpot:
116
First record:
12/08/2008 (Calow, Graham)
Last record:
03/11/2025 (Hunt, Graham)

Total records by month

% of records within its species group

10km squares with records

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Latest images

Latest records

Photo of the association

Spindle Aphid

The Spindle Aphid (Aphis euonymi) does not host alternate. It feeds only on Spindle. It is a reddish to chocolate brown aphid, often with transverse bars of wax dust on anterior abdominal tergites. The body length of apterae is 1.7 to 2.9 mm.

Photo of the association

Aphis solanella

The Spindle-nightshade Aphid (Aphis solanella) feeds on Spindle and Black Nightshade, creating a crumpled leaf pseudogall.  The aphids are a dull blackish-brown colour. 

Photo of the association

Unaspis euonymi

Unaspis euonymi is a tiny, sap-sucking scale insect that infests the stems and foliage of Euonymus. This insect has a soft flattened body that is covered by a shell or scale. Male and female Euonymus Scale Insects differ in appearance. The males are mainly on the foliage and are covered with narrow white elongate scales that are 2mm long. The females mainly occur on the stems and are covered with blackish brown pear-shaped scales up to 3mm long.

Photo of the association

Stenacis euonymi

The gall mite Stenacis euonymi causes galls on the leaves of Spindle. The gall is in the form of a tight upward roll of the leaf margin, affecting all or part of the leaf margin and may be green or reddened. The roll contains mites.

Photo of the association

Melampsora epitea

The rust Melampsora epitea causes galls in the form of yellow thickened spots bearing aecia on the underside of spindle leaves, the alternate host.