Norway Spruce - Picea abies

Description

It is a large evergreen coniferous tree growing to between 115 and180 feet tall. The shoots are orange-brown and hairless and the leaves are needle-like, 12 to 24 mm long, quadrangular in cross-section (not flattened), and dark green on all four sides with inconspicuous lines. The cones are 9 to17 cm long (the longest of any spruce), and have bluntly to sharply triangular-pointed scale tips. They are green or reddish, maturing brown 5 to 7 months after pollination.

Similar Species

Sitka Spruce, and other ornamental Picea that may be planted in parks and gardens.  Similar to other Pinaceae species with needles borne singly, but Picea have needles on brown petiole-like pegs

Identification difficulty
ID checklist (your specimen should have all of these features)

Leaves 4-angled in x-section, with faint whitish stripes; cones 10-20cm

Recording advice

Photos of cones and details of needles 

Habitat

Often planted, but does sometime regenerate in the wild.

When to see it

All year round.

Life History

Evergreen.

UK Status

Fairly widespread in Britain.

VC55 Status

Occasional in Leicestershire and Rutland. In the 1979 Flora survey of Leicestershire it was found in 64 of the 617 tetrads.

Leicestershire & Rutland Map

MAP KEY:

Yellow squares = NBN records (all known data)
Coloured circles = NatureSpot records: 2025+ | 2020-2024 | pre-2020

UK Map

Species profile

Common names
Norway Spruce
Species group:
Trees, Shrubs & Climbers
Kingdom:
Plantae
Order:
Pinales
Family:
Pinaceae
Records on NatureSpot:
23
First record:
05/02/2012 (Nicholls, David)
Last record:
12/05/2025 (Pugh, Dylan)

Total records by month

% of records within its species group

10km squares with records

The latest images and records displayed below include those awaiting verification checks so we cannot guarantee that every identification is correct. Once accepted, the record displays a green tick.

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Latest images

Latest records

Photo of the association

Gilletteella cooleyi

The adelgid bug Gilletteella cooleyi causes a gall on the shoots of Spruce (Picea). The gall is elongated, often curved, and formed of the swollen bases of adjacent spruce needles fused to the shoot. The nymphs live inside chambers within the gall.  Unlike other adelgid galls on this host, the needles remain sticking out of the gall, although shorter than usual. 

Photo of the association

Greater Black Spruce Bark Aphid

The Greater Black Spruce Bark Aphid (Cinara piceae) is a strikingly large (4.5 to 6.7 mm), all-black aphid with partially red/brown legs (the distal end of tibia and femora are black). The thorax is glossy black whilst the abdomen is matt black. Alates (winged) have dark tinted wings. Large colonies of these aphids can appear on the undersides of older branches and on the trunks of Spruce.

Photo of the association

Elatobium abietinum

A pale to dark green aphid found on Spruce species (Picea) or on Silver Fir (Abies) needles. It is most commonly recorded on Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis).

Photo of the association

Pineapple Gall Adelgid

The Pineapple Gall Adelgid (Sacchiphantes abietis) produces galls on Spruce species.  The gall is ellipsoidal with its length less than 1.5 times the width and usually about 15 to 20 mm in length. The spruce needles on the gall are shorter than normal. The gall is only slightly paler green than a normal shoot. The slits to gall chambers are often orange-red or deep pink before opening. There are often several galls together at the base of adjacent shoots, and plant growth often continues beyond gall.