Common Comfrey agg. - Symphytum officinale

Description

Stout plant to 1.2 metres. Stems erect, widely winged. Leaves large and coarse, untoothed, strongly decurrent (the base running on to the stem), only the lowest stalked. Flowers, pink, whitish or purple-violet 12 to 18 mm bell shaped with reflexed lobes, borne in forked clusters. Because Comfrey hybridizes freely and is so difficult to identify with certainty we have decided to treat Common Comfrey as an aggregate. There are few national experts who have the necessary expertise to arrive at a precise identification with any degree of certainty.

Similar Species

Many other species, hybrids and varieties of comfrey with blue, pink or pale flowers - especially Russian Comfrey and Hidcote Comfrey, for which it is often recorded in error.

Identification difficulty
ID checklist (your specimen should have all of these features)

The true species has strongly decurrent leaves - i.e wings from each leaf extend down the stem beyond the leaf below (more than 1 internode).  Hybrids often have decurrent leaves, but moderately or weakly so.   The true species also has smooth, shining nutlets.  Flower colour is variable, but rarely white or blue; cream, purplish or striped light and dark purple.

Recording advice

This can't be verified from the flowers alone; a photograph of the whole plant, including leaves and stems.

Habitat

Damp grassland, roadside verges and banks of streams.

When to see it

May to July.

Life History

Perennial.

UK Status

Found throughout Britain but scarcer in the North.

VC55 Status

Fairly frequent in Leicestershire and Rutland. In the 1979 Flora survey of Leicestershire it was found in 80 of the 617 tetrads.

Leicestershire & Rutland Map

MAP KEY:

Yellow squares = NBN records (all known data)
Coloured circles = NatureSpot records: 2025+ | 2020-2024 | pre-2020

UK Map

This species or aggregate is not available on the NBN Atlas currently

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Photo of the association

Agromyza abiens/myosotidis/lithospermi agg.

The larvae of the  Agromyzid flies Agromyza abiens, Agromyza myosotidis and Agromyza lithospermi produce identical mines on the leaves of several food plants in the Boraginaeceae family, such as Borage, Comfrey and Green Alkanet plus a number of other host plants. The initial narrow gallery contains frass in a double line, which it then expands to form a blotch mine. Several larvae may occupy a leaf to form a large blotch. Because the mines on these plants cannot be reliably separated to species level we treat them as an aggregate.